E-mail: Send an e-mail
Introduction. The relevance of identifying and developing empathy of doctors as a factor in achieving professionalism substantiates in the article; an overview of the main ideas of modern researchers on the problem of empathy of the doctor and its role in the process of interaction with the patient and the success of professional activity provides. The purpose of the article — is to substantiate the role of empathy as a factor in achieving professionalism in the work of a doctor based on the presentation of the results of a review of modern psychological research.
Materials and methods. The main methods of research are the analysis of the scientific literature devoted to the problem of empathy of the doctor, generalization and systematization of the results of scientific
Results.The problem of empathy of a doctor investigates in the article. Based on the analysis of the conceptual positions of scien-
tists revealed the essential characteristics of empathy. Empathy of the doctor acts as a factor in the development of personal qualities and professionalism in whole.
Discussion. On the basis of the conducted research the conclusions are drawn that empathy is an integral part of the doctor's professionalization, creates psychological conditions for constructive interpersonal interaction with the patient through the manifestation of helping behavior.
Conclusion. It is concluded that the ability to display empathic helping behavior reflects the level of moral and professional development of the doctor, and acts as a factor in achieving professionalism, creates psychological conditions for therapeutic measures.
empathy; professionally important qualities; doctor's professionalism; helping behavior; psychological conditions; constructive interaction
The importance of empathy in the professional activity of the doctor and interpersonal interaction with the patient is determined;
The main conceptual provisions revealing the role of empathy as a factor in achieving the professionalism of the doctor are presented.
1. Berezhkovskaja E.L., Radinskaja N.G. (2006) Kul'turno-istoricheskaja i guma-nisticheskaja psihologija: vozmozhnye tochki shoda. Jempatija kak vysshaja psihiches-kaja funkcija [Cultural, historical and humanistic psychology: possible vanishing points. Empathy as the highest mental function]. Vestnik RGGU. 1, 126–145. (In Russian).
2. Bojko V.V. (2000) Sub"yektnyye otnoshenija vo vzaimodejstvii stomatologa s pacientom [Subject relationships in the interaction of the dentist with the patient]. SPb. 21. (In Russian).
3. Boujen M. (1991) Duhovnost' i lichnostno-centrirovannnyj podhod [Spirituality and personality-centered approach]. Voprosy psihologii. 3-4, 24–33. (In Russian).
4. Gavrilova T.P. (1975) Ponjatie jempatii v zarubezhnoj psihologii (Istoricheskij obzor i sovremennoe sostojanie problemy) [The concept of empathy in foreign psychology (Historical overview and current state of the problem)]. Voprosy psihologii. 2. 155. (In Russian).
5. Gippenrejter JU.B. (1993) Fenomen kongrujentnoj jempatii [Congruent Empathy Phenomenon]. Voprosy psihologii. 4, 61–68. (In Russian).
6. Goncharenko E. S. (2003) Razvitie jempatijnogo potenciala lichnosti (na materiale issledovanija detej 7-8 let) [The development of empathic potential of the individual (based on the study of children 7-8 years)]. Dissertatsiya ... kandidata psikhologicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti 19.00.01. Krasnodar. 241. (In Russian).
7. Derkach A. A. (2004) Akmeologicheskie osnovy razvitija professionala [Acmeological basis of professional development]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo psihologo-social'nogo instituta. Voronezh, NPO MODEK. 752. (In Russian).
8. Dolgova V.I. (2014) Jempatija [Empathy]. Monografija. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo «Pero». 185. (In Russian).
9. Eleferenko I.O. (2003) Jempatija [Empathy]. St. Petersburg, Garuda. 3, 5. (In Russian).
10. Il'in E.P. (2013) Psihologija pomoshhi. Al'truizm, jegoizm, jempatija [Psychology of care. Altruism, egoism, empathy]. St. Petersburg. 304. (In Russian).
11. Manojlova, M. A. (2004) Razvitie e`mocional`nogo intellekta budushhix pedagogov [Development of Emotional Intelligence of Future Educators]. Pskov. PGPI. 60. (In Russian).
12. Popov L.M. (2008) Dobro i zlo v jeticheskoj psihologii i lichnosti [Good and evil in ethical psychology and personality]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo instituta RAN. 240. (In Russian).
13. Ribo T. A. (1898) Psihologija chuvstv [Psychology of feelings]. Perevod s frantsuzskogo M. Gol'dsmit. St. Petersburg, Izdatel'stvo F. Pavlenkova. 480. (In Russian).
14. Rubinshtejn S.L. (2000) Osnovy obshhej psihologii [Basics of general psychology]. St. Petersburg, Izdatel'stvo «Piter». 712. (In Russian).
15. Frejd A. (1993) Psihologija Ja i zashhitnye mehanizmy [Psychology I and protective mechanisms]. Perevod s anglijskogo kandidata psihologicheskih nauk M.R. Ginzburga. Moscow, Pedagogika-Press. 144. (In Russian).
16. Jusupov I.M. (1995) Psihologija jempatii (teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty) [Empathy Psychology (theoretical and applied aspects)]. Dissertatsiya ... doktora psikhologicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti 19.00.01. St. Petersburg. 252. (In Russian).
17. Abbott A. (1993) The sociology of work and occupations. Annual review of so-ciology. 19, 1, 187–209.
18. Aronfreed J., Pascal V., Asch S.E. (1970) Altruism and helping behavior. Social psychology. N. Y., Englewood Cliffs. P. 34.
19. Bandura A.A. (1963) Walters R. Social leaning and personality development. N. Y., Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Р. 14.
20. Berger, S.M. (1962) Psychol. Rev. Р. 69.
21. Clandinin D.J., Cave M.T. (2008) Creating pedagogical spaces for developing doctor professional. Medical education. 42, 8, 765–770.
22. Gendlin E.T. (1962) Experiencing and the creation of meaning, N. Y. P. 57.
23. Golant M. (2015) Psycho-oncology: A quick reference on the psychosocial di-mensions of cancer symptom management 2 edition. Oxford University Press. P. 248.
24. Hughes E. (1963) Professions. Daedalus. 92, 65–68.
25. Bogachjova O.A. (2014) Jempatija kak professional'no vazhnoe kachestvo vracha (na primere vrachej terapevtov i vrachej hirurgov) [Empathy as a professionally important quality of a doctor (on the example of general practitioners and surgeons)]. Dissertatsiya ... kandidata psikhologicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti 19.00.03. Jaroslavl', 169. (In Russian).
26. Vashhenko I.S. (2015) Mediko-psihologicheskie i biojeticheskie aspekty komplaentnosti [Medico-psychological and bioethical aspects of complianc. Bjulleten' medicinskih internet-konferenci. 5, 5, 558. (In Russian).
27. Karvasarskij B.D. (2015) Klinicheskaja psihoterapija v obshhej vrachebnoj prak-tike [Clinical psychotherapy in general practice]. St. Petersburg, Piter. 640. (In Russian).
28. Kassirskij I.A. (1970) O vrachevanii [About healing]. Problema i razdum'ja. Moscow, Medicina. 271. 73–79. (In Russian).
29. Kempinski A. (1975) Psihopatologija [Psychopathology of neurosis]. Varshava. 398. (In Russian).
30. Seleznev S. B. i dr. (2009) Jetnopshologicheskie aspekty social'noj adaptacii studentov v mul'tikul'turnoj obrazovatel'noj srede [Ethnoschological aspects of social adaptation of students in a multicultural educational environment]. Astrahanskij medicinskij zhurnal. 4. 1. 109–119. (In Russian).
31. Smirnova S.V. (2014) Psihologicheskoe soprovozhdenie v pediatricheskoj prak-tike [Psychological support in pediatric practice]. Sbornik statey po materialam XXXVI mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Lichnost', sem'ya i obshchestvo: voprosy pedagogiki i psikhologii” [A collection of articles based on the materials of the XXXVI international scientific-practical conference “Personality, family and society: questions of pedagogy and psychology”]. Novosibirsk, SibAK. 1 (36). (In Russian).
32. Solov'eva S. L. (2004) Lichnost' vracha (uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie) [The identity of the doctor (a teaching aid)]. St. Petersburg. 15–18. (In Russian).
33. Sprinc A.M. (2009) Medicinskaja psihologija s jelementami obshhej psihologii [Medical psychology with elements of general psychology]. Moscow. SpetsLit. 448. (In Russian).
34. Tashlykov V.A. (1984) Psihologija lechebnogo processa [Psychology of the treatment process]. Leningrad. 191. (In Russian).
35. Terent'ev I.A. (2007) Lichnostnye osobennosti projavlenija jempatii v dejatel'nosti vracha kurortnogo lechebnogo uchrezhdenija [Personal features of the manifestation of empathy in the activities of a doctor at a spa medical institution]. Dissertatsiya ... kandidata psikhologicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti 19.00.01. Sochi. 212. (In Russian).
36. Jaspers K. (1997) Obshhaja psihopatologija [General psychopathology]. Perevod s nemetskogo L.O. Akopjana. Moscow, Praktika. 1056. (In Russian).
37. Jas'ko B.A. (1998) Formirovanie lichnostnoj gotovnosti k professional'noj dejatel'nosti v uslovijah mnogourovnevogo obrazovatel'nogo prostranstva [Formation of personal readiness for professional activities in a multi-level educational space]. Psihologija i praktika: Ezhegodnik RPO. Jaroslavl. 4, 4, 254–258. (In Russian).
38. Abramova G.S. (1998) Psihologija v medicine [Psychology in medicine]. Moscow. Kafedra-M. 272. 104. (In Russian).
39. Utlik Je.P. (2008) Psihologija lichnosti [Psychology of Personality]. Moscow, Akademija. 320. 36. (In Russian).
40. Poljanceva O.I. (2008) Psihologija dlja srednih medicinskih uchrezhdenij [Psychology for secondary medical institutions]. Moscow, Feniks. 226–228. (In Russian).
41. Klimov E.A. (1996) Psihologija professional [Psychology of a professional]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo «Institut prakticheskoj psihologii», Voronezh, NPO “MODEK”. 400. (In Russian).
42. Ermolaeva E.P. (2017) Mul'tidisciplinarnyj podhod v modeli “chelovek-professija-obshhestvo” [Multidisciplinary approach in the model “person-profession-society”]. Institut psihologii rossijskoj akademii nauk. Organizacionnaja psihologija i psihologija truda. 2. 3–22. (In Russian).
43. Zeer Je.F. (2003) Psihologija professij [Psychology of the professions]. Moscow, Akademicheskij Proekt. Ekaterinburg, Delovaja kniga. 336. (In Russian).
44. Klimov E.A. (2004) Psihologija professional'nogo samoopredelenija [Psychology of professional self-determination]. Moscow, Izdatel'skij dom “Akademija”. 304. (In Russian).
45. Korableva G. B. (2000) Ob institucional'nom podhode k issledovaniju svjazi professii i obrazovanija [On the institutional approach to the study of the relationship of the profession and education]. Sociologicheskie issledovanija. 6. 48–51. (In Russian).
46. Mansurov V.A., Jurchenko O.V. (2005) Perspektivy professionalizacii rossijskih
vrachej v reformirujushhemsja obshhestve [Prospects for the professionalization of Russian doctors in a reforming society]. Sociologicheskie issledovanija. 1. 66. (In Russian).
47. Gavrilova T.P. (1977) Jempatija i ee osobennosti u detej mladshego i srednego shkol'nogo vozrasta [Empathy and its features in children of primary and secondary school age]. Dissertatsiya … kandidata psikhologicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti 19.00.07. Moscow, p. 4. (In Russian).
48. Zinchenko E.V., Jusupov I.M., Edr Bodaleva A.A. (2011) Jempatija. Psihologija obshhenija [Empathy. Psychology of communication]. Jenciklopedicheskij slovar'. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo “Kogito-Centr”. 150-151. (In Russian).
49. Jusupov I.M. (1992) Diagnostika i trening jempatijnyh tendencij lichnosti (metodicheskoye rukovodstvo dlya studentov i psikhologov narodnogo obrazovaniya) [Diagnostics and training of empathic tendencies of the personality (A methodological guide for students and psychologists of public education)]. Kazan'. 30 p. (In Russian).
50. Znakov V.V. (2005) Psihologija ponimanija [Psychology of understanding. Problems and Prospects]. Problemy i perspektivy. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo “Institut psihologii RAN”. 448. 140-141. (In Russian).